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Geography of India- Chapter 1- Introduction of India

30/4/2019

 
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India is located in the North-Eastern Hemisphere.India is located in the North-Eastern Hemisphere.
​If you look at the map of the world, area north of equator is known as northern hemisphere and the area south of equator is known as southern hemisphere and area east of prime meridian is known as eastern hemisphere. In this way, we can say that India is located in the North-Eastern Hemisphere.

Distance of  India from equatorDistance of India from equator
Distance of mainland India from equator is 933 Km and from Andaman and Nicobar, equator is 752 Km away.

Latitude of India

The latitudinal extent of  IndiaThe Latitudinal Extent of India
The latitudinal extent of mainland India is from 8° 4′ to 37° 6′ and if you measure the latitudinal extent of India from Andaman and Nicobar islands, it starts from 6° 7′ .

Longitude of India

The longitudinal extent of IndiaThe Longitudinal Extent of India
The longitudinal extent of India is from 68° 7′ to 97° 25′. So the difference between east to west is of 29° of longitudes. As you know, 1° of longitude makes a difference of 4 minutes, 29° degrees of longitude will make a difference of 116 minutes.

Time Difference in India

The Time difference between Arunachal Pradesh and GujaratThe Time difference between Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat
It means if there is sunrise at 4 am in Arunachal Pradesh, the sunrise in Gujarat will occur at around 6 am.

Indian Standard Meridian

Indian Standard timeIndian Standard Time
82° 30′ is the Indian Standard Date Line, it passes through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh and touches five states of India. The states it passes through are Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.

Greenwich Mean Time and Indian Standard Time

Difference between Indian standard time and  Greenwich Mean TimeDifference between Indian standard time and Greenwich Mean Time
Indian Standard Date Line is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.

Tropic of Cancer Passing States in India

Tropic of Cancer passing states in IndiaTropic of Cancer passing states in India
Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states of India, the states it passes through are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

Tropic of cancer dividing IndiaTropic of Cancer dividing India
Tropic of cancer divides India into Tropical and Sub-tropical climate zones. The area north of Tropic of Cancer is twice the area south of it.

Antipode of India

The antipode of IndiaThe Antipode of India
The antipode of India is located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile. But, what is antipode? Antipode is the direct opposite of something. ​

Mean Sea Level of India

Mean sea level of IndiaMean Sea Level of India
One more thing is also important to note that the mean sea level of India is measured at Mumbai High, before independence it was measured at Karachi port.

Northernmost and Southernmost Point of India

Indira Col, Kanyakumari and Indira PointIndira Col, Kanyakumari and Indira Point
Northernmost point of India is Indira Col and the southernmost point of India is Indira Point. Indira Point was also known as Pygmalion Point or Parsons Point. Kanyakumari or Cape Comorin is the southernmost tip of mainland India.

Length and Width of India

Distance of India from east to westDistance of India from east to west
The distance from north to south of mainland India is 3,214 Km and from east to west is 2,933 Km. The easternmost point of India is Kibithu located in Arunachal Pradesh and the westernmost point is Guhar Mota located in Gujarat.

Area of India

Area of IndiaArea of India
The are of India is 2,83,263 Km2 which is 2.43% of world surface area.

India seventh largest country by areaIndia seventh largest country by area
 After Russia, Canada, China, America, Brazil, and Australia, India is the seventh largest country.

Composition of India's Surface AreaComposition of India's Surface Area
Out of total surface area of India, 10.7% is mountainous, 18.6% is hilly, 27.7% consist of plateaus and 43.0% is plain.

Land and Water Frontiers of India

Total land and water Borders of IndiaTotal land and water frontiers of India
India has land frontier of 15,200 Km and water frontiers of mainland India is 6,100 Km. If we include water frontiers of islands of Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep and other islands the total water frontiers add up to 7,516,6 Km. So, the total frontier of India is 22,716.6 Km.

International Borders of India

International border of IndiaInternational borders of India
India’s international border touches with 7 countries. In descending order, India shares 4,096.7 Km border with Bangladesh, 3,488 Km with China, with Pakistan it shares 3,323 Km of border, with Nepal 1,751 Km, with Myanmar 1,643 Km of border, with Bhutan 699 Km, and with Afghanistan 106 Km of border.

John Radcliffe, Arthur McMahon, Henry Durand and Mr. RadoliffJohn Radcliffe, Arthur McMahon, Henry Durand and Mr. Radoliff
Four people John Radcliffe, Arthur McMahon, Henry Durand and Mr. Radoliff played important role in demarcating the international boundary of India.

Radcliffe line, McMahon line,Durand Line,Radoliff lineRadcliffe line, McMahon line,Durand Line,Radoliff line
Radcliffe line demarcates the boundary between Pakistan and Punjab state of India, it was also the boundary line between Indian state of West Bengal and Bangladesh, McMahon line demarcates the boundary of Arunachal Pradesh with China. Durand Line is between Pakistan and Afghanistan and Radoliff line is between India and Nepal.

States with largest area in IndiaStates with largest area in India
There are 29 states and 7 union territories in India. States with largest area in descending order are Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. If we talk about the smallest state, Goa is smallest and then comes Sikkim.

Uttar Pradesh shares it border with maximum number of states. All in all, it touches 8 states and 1 union territory. These states are Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar and the union territory of Delhi.If we talk about the international borders West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir touches the largest numbers of international borders than any other state of India.

Union Territories of India

Union territories in IndiaUnion Territories in India
There are seven union territories in India – Andaman and Nicobar, Delhi, Puducherry, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Chandigarh, Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep. 

Areas of Union Territories of IndiaAreas of Union Territories of India
Lakshadweep is the smallest union territory with area of only 32 Km2 and Andaman and Nicobar is largest with area of 8,249 Km2. In terms of area, Delhi is on the second position, Puducherry on the third position, Dadra and Nagar Haveli fourth, Chandigarh fifth and Daman & Diu is on the sixth position.

10° Channel, Duncan Passage, 8° Channel and 9° Channel10° Channel, Duncan Passage, 8° Channel and 9° Channel
10° channel separates Andaman & Nicobar island, Duncan passage lies between South Andaman and Little Andaman. Minicoy is separated from rest of the Lakshadweep by 9° channel and 8° channel separates Minicoy from Maldives. Indonesia is closest to Andaman & Nicobar island than any other southeast country. It’s only 163 Km far from Nicobar island.

Population of IndiaPopulation of India
With 1.21 billion people, India is second most populous country after China. 17.5% of the world population lives in India. Out of 1.21 billion people 62.31 crores are males and 58.74 crores are females.

literacy rate of IndiaLiteracy rate of India
The decadal population growth rate of India is 17.7%. 31.2% population lives in the cities and 68.8% population lives in rural areas. The total literacy rate of India is 74.04% out of which male literacy rate is 80.9% and female literacy rate is 64.60%.

Sex ratio of IndiaSex ratio of India
Sex ratio of India is 943 women per thousand men which means if 1000 men go out seeking brides 57 will never get a bride. In other words, 5.7% of the total male population in India will never get married. That’s whopping 3,55,17,945 men who will never get a bride. The population density of India is 382 person per square kilometre.

National symbols of indiaNational Symbols of india
National animal of India is Bengal Tiger, national heritage animal of India is Elephant, national bird is peacock, national tree is Banyan Tree, national flower is Lotus, national emblem is Ashoka Pillar, national anthem is Jan Gan Man, national song is Vande Maaram, national aquatic animal is Dolphin, national rive river is Ganges, national fruit is Mango and national game is Hockey.




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